NECO GCE Geography Questions and Answers 

NECO GCE Geography Questions are carefully crafted to evaluate candidates on a wide range of topics within the discipline.

The Geography exam is an opportunity for candidates to show their knowledge and skills in the field.

As the exam date approaches, candidates must understand the format, key topics, and effective strategies for answering questions. 

This guide will provide NECO GCE Geography questions and answers to help you succeed in your exams.

Answer Five Questions

1(a) (i) From the map extract provided, draw on a graph sheet an annotated cross-section from point A to B.

(ii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the sketched cross-section.

(b) (i) State whether the two points A and B are intervisible.

(ii) Give one reason for your answer in (b)i above.

(2) Explain with labelled diagrams the following:

(i) Equinoxes

(i) Solstices

3(a). Define rocks.

(b). Explain the classes of sedimentary rocks giving specific examples.

(c). Enumerate two uses of rocks.

4(a). Discuss three effects of climate change on animal

(b). List four measures to be taken to reduce the effects of climate change.

5(a). What is a spring?

(b). With the aid of a diagram, explain the Artesian Basin.

(c). Mention four ways through which water can percolate a rock.

7(a) Explain three causes of air pollution.

(b) Itemize two ways to control air pollution.

8(a). What is geo-referencing in Geographic Information System?

(b). Mention four qualities of a data.

(c). Explain the following geographical analysis procedures in the Geographic Information System:

i. Topographical modelling 

ii. Cartographical modelling

Answers for NECO GCE Geography Questions

Here are the answers:

Answer Three

(3a) Rocks are hard materials found in nature, which are constituted of minerals or substances similar to minerals.

They are formed by different earth processes like the cooling of melted materials to form the igneous rocks or the transformation of the existing rocks to form the metamorphic rocks.

3b) (i) Mechanically Formed Sedimentary Rock: It is the rubble of other rocks that makes these rocks be assembled and glued to each other.

The tiniest particles like grains of sand, pebbles, or ice float downstream, called clasts, and settle in layers to form rocks such as sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.

(ii) Chemically Formed Sedimentary Rock: In contrast, some rock is created when water minerals crystallize; others are the ones that form through igneous processes.

Water can be lost to evaporation or it can become too mineralized, so it is converted into rocks. For instance, limestone, dolomite, and rock salt are also embraced. From the given sentence “Such as limestone, dolomite, and rock salt are included.”, we can understand the minerals that are included.

(iii) Organically Formed Sedimentary Rock: This rock is created by the amalgamation and pressure of organic matter, for example, fossilized plants or animals.

The creation of such sediments requires a lot of time and will eventually turn into rock formations like coal, oil shales, and chalk.

(3c) (i) Granite, limestone, and sandstone, for example, are among the rock types commonly employed for building and construction.

(ii) Aluminum, for instance, is extracted from bauxite (a metal ore) and iron is derived from hematite (another metal ore) which are both critical to manufacturing.

(iii) Rock phosphate and limestone are the two types of fertilizers that add to soil fertility which in turn leads to higher crop yields.

Answer Four

(4a) (i) Temperature Changes: The animals undergo stress because of the shifting climate and the temperatures are getting higher.

These stresses may make them ill, destroy their reproductive capacity, and reduce their efficiency.

(ii) Changes in Precipitation: Climatic change can be the reason for the rainfall disruption causing either deficiency or excess of rain.

It is possible that animal farming may encounter a problem and the water and food competition is not an exception.

(iii) Increased Disease Risk: Climate change can be either negative or positive about diseases in animals.

The growth of pathogens like ticks and mosquitos, which are known to transmit dangerous diseases such as Lyme disease or West Nile virus, is being aided by the rising temperatures.

(iv) Changes in Vegetation: Climate change could potentially deprive plants and animals of the necessary food they require.

It means that the herbivores are grazing in different places and the quality of food is different.

(4b) (i) Embrace intelligent and sustainable practices like implementing rotational grazing, where farmers move animals strategically and plant trees on their farms.

These include carbon storage, soil improvement, and water savings.

(ii) Create animals to tolerate climate change by improving their genes and choosing characteristics like heat tolerance and disease resistance.

(iii) Save water by utilizing efficient tools, including drip irrigation, water reuse, and rainwater harvesting.

(iv) Animal health is preserved through vaccination, security measures, and pest control strategies. This is a way of mitigating the diseases caused by the climate change.

(vi) Handle wastes appropriately to reduce greenhouse gases from animal waste, for example, methane from manure.

Answer Five

(5a) A spring can be considered a natural fountain, which is located on the ground. It comes about when water that is moving from the depth of the earth finds its way up to the surface.

It may occur due to a pressure difference or the water flows down or up the slope. Springs can be small just trickle or big water gushing.

(5b) An Artesian basin is a particular storage of water that is held between the layers of the rocks or clays.

Digging a well into it creates a pressure system, causing water to naturally rise without the need for a pump.

This phenomenon is because the water pressure in the storage is higher than the air pressure, which also makes the water flow upwards.

(5c) (i) Infiltration: This is a time when water percolates into the soil.

(ii) Fracture Flow: Water that flows through the fissures in the rocks beneath the surface.

(iii) Porosity: How much water can fit in rocks or the amount of room water has to go through.

(iv) Karst Topography: Sinkhole/cave type of landscape that forms from the dissolved rocks.

Answer Seven

(7a) (i) Emissions from Vehicles: Combustion engines in vehicles release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. 

These emissions contribute significantly to air pollution, especially in urban areas with heavy traffic.

(ii) Industrial Activities: Factories and industrial processes release various pollutants into the air, including sulfur dioxide, , and particulate matter. 

Industries like manufacturing and power generation contribute substantially to air pollution.

(iii) Deforestation and Agricultural Activities: The destruction of forests and some farming practices to release pollutants and contribute to the deterioration of the air quality.

A good example is the burning of agricultural residue and forest clearing which can release huge quantities of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

(b) (i) Emission Control Technologies: Incorporating advanced technologies in the automotive industry and industrial processes contributes significantly to reducing the release of pollutants.

(ii) Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources: The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can considerably help in decreasing air pollution.

Answer Eight

(a) Geo-referencing in GIS refers to the process of linking spatial data, such as maps and images, with real-world coordinates, for example, latitudes and longitudes.

It is about assigning geographical information (latitude and longitude) to the specific points of a map or image. It is an important aspect of spatial analysis as it allows the integration of different datasets.

(b) (i) Accuracy

(ii) Relevance

(iii) Consistency

(iv) Timeliness

(c) (i) Topographical Modelling: Topographical modelling is the process of creating digital images of the earth’s surface.

The process helps us visualize and analyze the lay of the land, which is very important for applications like urban planning, watershed management, and environmental study.

(ii) Cartographical Modelling: Cartographical modelling is the construction and examination of maps.

The focus lies on processing and visualizing data to create easily understandable maps.

To excel in the NECO GCE Geography exam, adopting a sound approach and thorough preparation is crucial.

Know the format of the exam, give adequate attention to the main topics, use effective study methods, and adopt smart exam techniques.

Hence, tackle the challenges posed by the NECO GCE Geography questions with confidence.