Network Protocols are a standardized way of meaningful communication between two or more devices over a network/internet.
HTTP/HTTPS
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to transmit a text data (a web page or JSON) from a server to a browser/frontend. Http is a stateless protocol where a client opens a connection and waits for a response from the server.
A SSL secured version of HTTP is HTTPS. SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer which encrypt, secure and authenticate communication that takes place over internet.
FTP
File Transfer protocol is a data transfer protocol like HTTP but the difference lies in how they operate. FTP transfer files from one computer to another by providing access to directories or folders on remote computers and allows software, data, text file to be transferred between different kinds of operating system unlike HTTP where text data can only be transmitted.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a Transport Layer Protocol that helps in exchange of messages between different devices over a network it breaks down data into smaller bundles and reassembles later, rather than sending every thing all at once which negatively impacts efficiency.
After TCP breaks down the data it forwards the data packets to the Internet Protocol (IP).
IP
Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules for routing and addressing packets of data which works with TCP (described above). IP information is attached to each packet broken down by TCP, and this information helps routers to send packets to the right place/IP address.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol is a Transport Layer Protocol like TCP but is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. It does not require connection to be established before transmitting data. Nor does it guarantee delivery, order, or error checking, making it a lightweight and efficient option for certain types of data transmission.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a technical standard used for transmitting electronic mail. IT standardizes the way email travels from sender to recipient, making widespread email delivery possible.
The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is a method for securely sending commands to a computer over an unsecured network. SSH is often used for controlling servers remotely, for managing infrastructure, and for transferring files. It uses cryptography to authenticate and encrypt connections between devices
IMAP/IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an application layer protocol that operates as a contract for receiving emails from the mail server. IMAP4 is the latest version of IMAP.